Subscription Information

This journal operates under a fully open-access publishing model and does not charge subscription fees to readers, libraries, institutions, or other users. All published articles are freely accessible online immediately upon publication, without subscription requirements, registration restrictions, or embargo periods.

The journal may charge authors an Article Processing Charge (APC) to cover the costs associated with editorial management, peer review administration, production, and publication, as applicable. Details of all applicable author fees are clearly stated on the journal's website.

The journal's open-access policy ensures that readers can access, read, download, and share published articles in accordance with the applicable Creative Commons licence and the journal's copyright and licensing policies.

The annual subscription rates are charged including postage as in indicated below:

Subscription rates for reprints (20 copies) Africa 25 USD; Others 30 USD