Lifestyle Modifications and the Efficacy of Dietary Supplements among Hypertensive Patients at The University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State
Keywords:
Dietary Supplements, Efficacy; Hypertension, Lifestyle Modification, PatientsAbstract
Hypertension is largely asymptomatic, especially in the early stages. Most patients are detected to have it incidentally when admitted to the hospital for an unrelated disease. Prolonged hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision loss, kidney disease, and dementia. These are aggravated by lifestyle factors including excess salt intake, too much body weight, excessive smoking and alcohol consumption. Lifestyle modification and dietary supplements have been used in combination with prescribed medications to manage hypertension. This study aims to assess lifestyle modification practices and the efficacy of dietary supplements among hypertensive patients in the University of Calabar teaching hospital (UCTH). UCTH is an important health facility that caters for the health care needs of the Calabar public. The study was a prospective cross - sectional study comprising 245 respondents. Data collection was done through interview-based and structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics of frequency distribution and percentage were used to analyze the data. Results showed 78.35% (n = 199) out of 245 patients knew about lifestyle modification practices, 82.68% (n = 210) monitored their blood pressure regularly, 58.66% (n = 149) minimized stress situations, 57.09% (n = 145) observed cessation of smoking, and 49.21% (n = 125) reduced alcohol consumption. 43.31% (n = 110) consumed less salt in meals. 80.40% (n = 197) of respondents utilize dietary supplements in lowering blood pressure, while 75.10% (n = 184) affirmed that dietary supplements are effective in lowering of blood pressure. Most utilized supplements were calcium [57.55% (n = 141)], garlic [55.10% (n = 135)], Omega-3 fatty acids [54.29% (n = 133)], and fish oil [52.24% (n = 128)]. [51.02% (n = 125)]. Findings revealed that the majority of hypertensive patients have knowledge of lifestyle modification practices and have utilized dietary supplements. However, there is still a need to bridge the information gap to reach hypertensive patients who are still unaware of the benefits of lifestyle modification practices and dietary supplements.
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