Electromagnetic Field Levels of Selected Mobile Phones and their Harm-causing Potential on the Users
Keywords:
Electric field strength, Electrosmogmeter, Magnetic field strength, Power densityAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate some commonly-used mobile phones for the electromagnetic field radiations emitted by them so as to determine their harm-causing potential on the user’s health. The mobile phones under consideration were Itel Model 1701, Tecno Model S1, and Infinix Model 6. An Electrosmogmeter was employed for measurement of phones’ electromagnetic parameters (electrical field strength, magnetic field strength, and power density) at various distances (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45 m). The Specific absorption rate (SAR) was computed from the relevant mean data obtained at 0.05 m and compared with some standard stipulations. It was found that each of the measured parameters varied significantly with the distance from the radiation source (mobile phone). The computed head SAR values (6.23 – 74.12) x 10-8 W/kg were below the limits set by the International Conference on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection and Federal Communications Commission. Findings generally revealed that though Tecno Model S1 could be the safest for use, prolonged exposure to the emissions from the phones might be harmful to health.
References
ARPANSA (Australian radiation protection and nuclear safety agency) (2017). Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Energy and Health Research Needs. Australian radiation protection and nuclear safety agency, Victoria, Australia, 156 p. https://www. arpansa.gov.au (Retrieved on 17th September 2018).
Belpomme, D., Hardell, L., Belyaev, I., Burgio, E., Carpenter, D.O. (2018). Thermal and non-thermal health effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: An international perspective. Environmental pollution, 242: 643 – 658.
Bhargavi, K., Balachandrudu, K.E., Nageswar, P. (2013). Mobile Phone Radiation Effects on Human Health. Int. J. Comput. Engin. Res., 3: 196 – 203.
Bosch-Capblanch, X., Esu, E., Oringanje, C.M., Dongus, S., Jalilian, H., Eyers, J., Auer, C., Meremikwu, M., Rōōsli, M. (2024). The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on human self-reported symptoms: A systematic review of human experimental studies. Environment International, 187, 108612. https://doi-.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108612
Chakraborty, C., Singh, A. (2013). Determination of Safe Distance Limit from Cellular base Station Radiation Exposure using SAR Analysis. International Journal of Computer Applications, 2: 18 – 22.
FCC (Federal Communications Commission) (2007). FCC Maximum Permissible RF Exposure Regulations. http://ww-w.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/fcc-maximum-permissible-exposure.htm (Retrieved on 28th September 2018).
Fragopoulou, A. F., Koussoulakos, S.L., Margaritis, L.H. (2010). Cranial and postcranial skeletal variations induced in mouse embryos by mobile phone radiation. Pathophysiology, 17: 169 – 177
ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) Guidelines (1998). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electro-magnetic fields (up to 300 GHz), 74(4): 494 - 522.
Ilori, A., Adeleye, B. (2019). Radiation Absorbed Dose Rates from Selected Mobile Phone Base Stations in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 22(5): 1 – 10.
Joanna, M., Arkadiusz, M., Andrzej, W. (2012). Numerical Analysis of high frequency electromagnetic field distribution and specific absorption rate in realistic breast models. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 97 - 99
Kargel, C. (2005). Infrared thermal imaging to measure local temperature rises caused by handheld mobile phones. IEEE transaction on instrumentation and measurement, 54(4): 1513 - 1519.
Kemp, S. (2019). Digital 2019: Global Digital Overview. Accessed by web, URL (Accessed on 30 December 2019).
Kıvrak, E.G., Yurt, K.K., Kaplan, A.A., Alkan, I., Altun, G. (2017). Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defence system. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, 5: 167 – 176
Kumar, S., Pathak, P.P. (2011). Effect of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone towers on human body. Ind. J. Radio & Space Physics, 40: 340-342
Kumar, V., Bhat, M. A. (2013). Calculation of SAR and measurement of temperature change of human head due to the mobile phone waves at frequencies 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, 16: 54 – 64.
Mitra, R., Mazumder, M., Pal, K., Jana, S. (2014). A study on effect of mobile phone radiation on human health. Explor. Animal Medical Res., 4: 246 - 252
Mohril, S., Mahipal, S.S., Bhaskar, C., Rejeev, K. (2016). Hazardous Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Human Health - A Review. IPASJ Inter-national Journal of Electronics & Communication, 4(10): 9 – 14.
Nwachukwu, A. N., Ikeagwuani, C.F., Nwachukwu, N. V. (2021). Assessment of the Background Radiation of Telecommunication Masts in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, 54(1): 134 – 140.
Owoh, E.B., Udofia, K.M., Obot, A.B. (2020). Electromagnetic Field Levels Associated with Selected Mobile Phones. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, 15(2): 62 -67
Panait, D. E., Jufa, A. C., Floroian, L., Pascu, A.M., Badea, M., Popa, M., Macocian, E. V., Cioca, G., Bungau, S.G. (2019). Electromagnetic pollution of the environment due to leakage radiation from microwave ovens. Materiale Plastice, 56(1): 82 – 86. https://doi.org/10.37358/MP.19-.1.5128
Rusu, T.A., Lobonțiu, M., Rusu, T. (2019). Studies and Research on that Electromagnetic Fields in public areas. The Annals of “Dunarea De Jos” University of Galati Fascicle Ix. Metallurgy and Materials Science, No. 2; 39 - 42. https://Doi.Org/-10.35219/Mms.2019.2.07
Sajedifar, J., Nassiri, P., Monazzam, M.R., Shamsipour, M., Ramezani, R. (2019). The effect of battery charge levels of Mobile phone on the amount of Electromagnetic waves emission. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 17: 151–159.
Sallomi, A.H. (2012). A Theoretical Approach for SAR Calculation in Human Head Exposed to RF Signals. J. Engin. & Develo., 16: 304 - 313.
Shalangwa, D.A., Vasira, P.G., Waba, A.S. (2011). Health risk of using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) mobile phone. International Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 1(1): 16 - 18.
Stankovic, V., Jovanovic, D., Krstic, D., Markovic, V., Dunjic, M. (2017). Calculation of electromagnetic field from mobile phone induced in the pituitary gland of children head model. Vojnosanit Pregl. 854 - 861
Straume, A., Oftedal, G., Johnsson, A. (2005). Skin Temperature Increase Causedbya Mobile Phone: A Methodological Infrared Camera Study. Bio electromagnetics, 26: 510 – 519.
Taheri, M., Mortazavi, S., Moradi, M., Mansouri, S., Hatam, G., Nouri, F. (2017). Evaluation of the effect of radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi router and mobile phone simulator on the antibacterial susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Dose-Response, 15(1): 1559325816688527
Taurisano, M.D., Vorst, A.V. (2000). Experimental thermographic analysis of thermal effects Induced on a human head exposed to 900-MHz fields of mobile phones. IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 48(11): 2022 - 2032
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Researchers Journal of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
